Types of Canal Lining - PCC, RCC, Brick Lining
This lining is recommended for the canal in full banking. The cement concrete lining is widely accepted. It can resist the effect of scouring and erosion very efficiently. The velocity of flow may be kept above 2.5 m/s. It can eliminate completely growth of weeds. The lining is done by the following steps: (a) Preparation of sub-grade, (b) Laying of concrete
Factors Affecting Type of Canal Lining
When the canal passes through the sandy soil the seepage loss is at maximum and the canal is unstable. So, to make the canal perfectly impervious and reasonably stable, the most impervious types of linings should be recommended such as cement concrete etc. The smoothness of the canal bed and sides increases the velocity of flow which further increases
Advantages and Disadvantages of Canal Lining
Advantages of lined canals: Avoiding excessive loss of water due to seepage, To avoid erosion, To avoid water logging of adjacent lands due to seepage, To reduce flow resistance, To help in control of weeds aquatic growth, To provide needed side slope stability
Definition, Types & Comparison of Open & Pipe Flow
It is usually the flow in an Open Channels Surface Flow: The flow which is above the ground level is called surface flow. Ground Flow: The flow which is below the surface of the earth is called ground flow. Open channel flow is not completely enclosed by boundaries, unlike pipe flow. Open channel is always under the action of gravity, while pipe can be under gravity
Shapes, Types & Properties of Open Channels
Open channel can be said to be as the deep hollow surface having usually the top surface open to atmosphere. Open channel flow can be said to be as the flow of fluid (water) over the deep hollow surface (channel) with the cover of atmosphere on the top. Examples of open channels flow are river, streams, flumes, sewers, ditches and lakes etc. we can be said to be as
Design of Precast Parabolic Channels in Peshawar
Discrepancy feature is the conveyance losses (35 to 50%). Irrigation system of KPK (Province of Pakistan) is facing severe Operational problems including water scarcity, water logging, and salinity. Reason was due to the traditional brick lining. The following steps are involved
What is Consumptive Use of Water and Factors Affecting it
It is the quantity of water used by the vegetation growth of a given area. It is the amount of water required by a crop for its vegetated growth to evapotranspiration and building of plant tissues plus evaporation from soils and intercepted precipitation. It is expressed in terms of depth of water. Consumptive use varies with temperature, humidity, wind speed,
Types And Location of Canal Headworks
Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off taking canal. Diversion head-work provides an obstruction across a river, so that the water level is raised and water is diverted to the channel at required level. The increase water level helps the flow of water
What is Canal Head Regulators and Types of Canal Head Regulators
Structure at the head of canal taking off from a reservoir may consist of number of spans separated by piers and operated by gates. Regulators are normally aligned at 90° to the weir. Up to 10" are considered preferable for smooth entry into canal. The functions of canal head regulator are: To admit water into the off taking canal. To regulate the supplies into the canal.Choice and Selection of Irrigation Methods
The type of irrigation system selected is an important economic decision. Some types of pressurized systems have high capital and operating costs but may utilize minimal labour and conserve water. Their use tends toward high value cropping patterns. Other systems are relatively less expensive to construct and operate but have high labour requirements. Some
Uses & Effects of Canal Irrigation
Irregular supply of water in the rivers is then regulated by construction of dams & barrages. Canal system irrigates a vast area. Even the deserts have been made productive. Cheap labour and availability of cement reduces the cost of canal construction. Huge quantities of water from Monsoon rainfall & melting of snow can be stored in reservoirs during
