Methods of Control of Flood
Controlling floods involves implementing various measures and strategies to mitigate the impact of flood events. Here are some common methods for flood control: Watershed Management and Afforestation, Construction of Dams and Reservoirs, Channelization and River Training, Drainage System Improvement, Floodplain Management and Zoning
Types of Aqueducts Based on Design, Materials, Functions
Aqueducts and Siphon aqueducts can be classified into different types based on various factors such as their design, construction, materials used, or specific features. Here is a general overview of the classification of aqueducts and siphon aqueducts based on some common factors:
River Mechanics
River Mechanics is basically the behavior of the river to different natural and man made phenomena, how rivers are formed and analysis of river mechanics is based on the concept of water and sediment transport down to the rivers by the action of gravity from up land portion of
Design Optimization of Hydraulic Penstock
Design optimization is the selection of most efficient and cost effective diameter of Penstock, taking in to account its cost and benefits. Optimization is the application of mathematical tools and techniques to an engineering sector that will enable the concerned people to select the most optimum option. In hydropower projects optimization
Design of Earthen Channels - Lacey's Regime Theory
The success and efficiency of the irrigation system depends how efficiently and carefully canal network has been designed, these canals may be constructed through different types of soil such as: Alluvial soil, Non-alluvial soil etc. Thus the design criteria for earthen channels depends on the type of soil in which canal is going to be constructed such as:
Turbine Layout and Sizing
The layout and sizing of the hydraulic turbine and corresponding generating units can be calculated using different computation programs, United States Bureau Reclamation (USBR) manual, Corps of Engineers manuals, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) guidelines for powerhouses and the world known
Hydraulic Design of Surge Shaft
Surge shaft is a structure provided at the end of headrace tunnel or pipe to account for water hammering effect in the pipe at its downstream. Surge shaft is considered to be an important component of Hydropower projects, especially for those involving headrace pressure tunnels.
Headrace Pressure Flow in Steel Pipes
Headrace pipe can also serve the same function as that of Headrace tunnels, depending upon the site location, geological and topographical constraints. as discussed earlier that tunnels can be divided into two types on the basis of type of flow. Similarly headrace pipes can also be divided into two categories pressure flow and gravity flow
Types of Canal Lining - PCC, RCC, Brick Lining
This lining is recommended for the canal in full banking. The cement concrete lining is widely accepted. It can resist the effect of scouring and erosion very efficiently. The velocity of flow may be kept above 2.5 m/s. It can eliminate completely growth of weeds. The lining is done by the following steps: (a) Preparation of sub-grade, (b) Laying of concrete
Irrigation Efficiency - Definition and Its Types
The ratio of the amount of water available (output) to the amount of water supplied (input) is known as Irrigation Efficiency. It is expressed in percentage. The following are the various types of irrigation efficiencies: (a) Water Conveyance Efficiency: (ηc). (b) Water Application Efficiency: (ηa). (c) Water Use Efficiency (ηu): (d) Consumptive use Efficiency (ηcu):
Methods of Improving and Factors Affecting Duty of Water
If the soil of the canal bed is porous and coarse grained, it leads to more seepage loss and consequently low duty. If it consists of alluvial soil, the percolation loss will be less and the soil retains the moisture for longer period and consequently the duty will be high.... When the
Advantages and Disadvantages of Canal Lining
Advantages of lined canals: Avoiding excessive loss of water due to seepage, To avoid erosion, To avoid water logging of adjacent lands due to seepage, To reduce flow resistance, To help in control of weeds aquatic growth, To provide needed side slope stability
Sources of Irrigation Water - Ground Water & Surface Water
Irrigation is a vital component of agricultural practices, enabling farmers to provide water to their crops and ensure optimal growth and productivity. The availability and accessibility of water for irrigation purposes depend on various sources, with two primary sources being groundwater and surface water. Understanding the
Definition, Types & Comparison of Open & Pipe Flow
It is usually the flow in an Open Channels Surface Flow: The flow which is above the ground level is called surface flow. Ground Flow: The flow which is below the surface of the earth is called ground flow. Open channel flow is not completely enclosed by boundaries, unlike pipe flow. Open channel is always under the action of gravity, while pipe can be under gravity
