What are Collector Roads

Collector roads, also known as collector streets, are roadways that serve as an intermediary between arterial roads and local streets within a transportation network. They play a crucial role in distributing traffic flow from arterial roads to local streets and vice versa. Collector roads are typically designed to balance traffic efficiency and access to adjacent properties.

What are Arterial Roads

Arterial roads, also known as arterial streets or highways, are major roadways that form the primary transportation network within a city or region. These roads are designed to handle high volumes of traffic and provide efficient connections between different areas, such as neighborhoods, commercial centers, and industrial zones.

What is a Granular Base Course?

Granular base course refers to a layer of compacted granular material that is used as a foundation or sub-base for various construction projects, particularly in road and pavement construction. It is an essential component of the pavement structure and provides support, stability, and drainage for the upper layers.

What is Right of Way - Definition & Factors Affecting RoW

The right of way is the total land area acquired for the construction of the roadway. Its width should be enough to accommodate all the elements of the roadway cross section, any future widening of the road and any public utility facilities that will be installed along the roadway. Right of way is the area of the road acquired for carriages way + other

Factors Affecting Road / Highway Classification

To identify the classification to which any road belongs, the following factors should be considered: SERVICE FUNCTION:- Most roads provide service to traffic, access to land or both. Following road type provide the service function given as; Freeways and Arterials ==> provide the movement of through traffic. Local roads ==> are used almost exclusively for land

5 Major Classes of Roads - Trunk, Primary, District, Local, Residential

Their main function is to facilitate regional distribution of traffic (intercity movement). They may be national or provincial roads and the type of facilities found in this class are freeways, expressways, dual carriageways and single carriageway main roads. This class of road forms the primary network for the urban area as a whole. All long distance traffic movements to

Reasons for the Repeated Repairing of Nowshera-Peshawar Highway GT Road

Roads are designed for a specific volume of traffic and load and beyond which it may fail. By crossing the elastic limit of the materials used in the construction of the roads. Over loading by commercial trucks in Pakistan is a serious problem. The heavily over-loaded trucks stress the road structure beyond their safe bearing capacity. As a result of which roads break up. The

Types of Road Intersections and Highway Crossings

Intersection also commonly known as crossroad is any place where two or more than two roads intersect or meet each other at grade. According to a source there are total 973 intersections in Karachi City. Intersections may be signalized or non-signalized, may or may not have a roundabout. The intersections encompassed by a roundabout are considered as safe

Simple Asphaltic Concrete Roads | Design & Properties

Hot mix asphalt cement is a material which has revolutionized road construction process.Hot mix asphalt paving consists of a combination of aggregates uniformly mixed and coated with asphalt cement. The term Hot Mix is used due to the fact that to dry the aggregates and to attain the desired degree of fluidity of the asphalt cement for proper mixing and

Types of Road Patterns & Its Importance

Roadway patterns are very essential in the development of the settlements of a city. However, recent development in cities does not give importance to the study of the road patterns that give rise to numerous roads that are not interconnected, housing schemes and commercial developments built far away where roads are very distant from the center of the town. The

What are Road Cracks? How they are Formed

The common causes of pavement deterioration and degradation are overloading, seepage, improper or poor road surface drainage, lack of proper road maintenance, lack of proper design, adverse climatic conditions and some other factors. Road distresses disturb and adversely affect the traffic flow and traffic safety leading to poor performance of the road. They also

Desirable Properties of Road Aggregates

Aggregates form the major portion of the pavement structure. Bear stresses occurring on the roads and have to resist wear due to abrasive action of traffic. Aggregates are also used in flexible as well as in rigid pavements. Therefore, the properties of aggregates are of considerable importance to highway. The aggregates to be used in road construction, particularly

Types of Base Course - Granular, Base, Macadam, Water Bound

A mixture of soil particles ranging in size from coarse to fine. Processing involve crushing oversized particles and screening where it is necessary to secure the desired grading. The requirements of a satisfactory soil aggregate surface are; Stability, Resistance to abrasion, Resistance to penetration of water, Capillary properties to replace moisture lost by surface evaporation

Methods of Surface Treatment of Roads and Highways

Although the best type of surface course is pre-mix carpet for highway maintenance. The surface treatment methods are employed when: Intensity of traffic is not very high. the pro-mix mixers are not easily available due to long transportation or technical reasons. when the cost is high.

Road Maintenance - Highway Maintenance

Preserving and keeping each type of roadway, roadside, structures as nearly as possible in its original condition as constructed or as subsequently improved and the operation of highway facilities and services to provide satisfactory and safe transportation, is called maintenance of Highways or Road Maintenance. Surface maintenance