General Stability Criteria of Weirs
Stability analysis have been carried out for structures for most severe conditions of horizontal and vertical forces. Stability criteria are aimed at ensuring the overall safety of structure against overturning, flotation and sliding. The structures have been designed so that it should be safe against overturning at any horizontal plane within the structure at the base, or at a plane belowTightening Procedures in Steel Structures
Connection transmits the force by friction produced between the faying surfaces by the clamping action f the bolts. Slip-critical connections are recommended for joints subjected to stress reversal, severe stress fluctuation, impact, vibration or where slip is objectionable
Municipal Solid Waste Generation & its Disposal Practices in Pakistan
Solid waste can be defined as material that no longer has any value to the person who is responsible for it, and is not intended to be discharged through a pipe. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial, health care,agricultural and mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets and public places. The words "garbage", "trash", "refuse" and "rubbish" are
Sources and Types of Pozzolanic Material
A simple everyday definition of 'pozzolan' could be 'a finely powdered material which can be added to lime mortar (or to Portland cement mortar) to increase durability. A more formal definition is given by ASTMC618-84 as 'a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which, in itself, possesses little or no cementitious value but which will, in finely divided form in theDesign of Screening Devices and Its Types
Located at the intakes from river, lakes & reservoirs for water treatment plant or at wet well into which main trunk sewer discharge for waste water treatment plant. They are also located before the pumps in storm water & waste water pumping plant. In case of industrial waste water treatment there is usually no need of such equipment. These devises remove the coarse
Types of Road Patterns & Its Importance
Roadway patterns are very essential in the development of the settlements of a city. However, recent development in cities does not give importance to the study of the road patterns that give rise to numerous roads that are not interconnected, housing schemes and commercial developments built far away where roads are very distant from the center of the town. The
Retaining Wall - Definition and Types of Retaining Walls | Ret Wall
A retaining wall is a structure that retains (holds back) any material (usually earth) and prevents it from sliding or eroding away. It is designed so that to resist the material pressure of the material that it is holding back. An earth retaining structure can be considered to have the following types: Pre-stressed retaining wall Gravity Walls Reinforced Gravity Walls Concrete Cantilever retaining wall Counter-fort / Buttressed retaining wall Precast concrete retaining wall Prestressed retaining wall
What are Road Cracks? How they are Formed
The common causes of pavement deterioration and degradation are overloading, seepage, improper or poor road surface drainage, lack of proper road maintenance, lack of proper design, adverse climatic conditions and some other factors. Road distresses disturb and adversely affect the traffic flow and traffic safety leading to poor performance of the road. They also
Ready Mixed Concrete - Definition and its Types
Ready mixed concrete production is a process, whereby, mixing and transportation of concrete is combining together and the product is delivered to the site, at the right time in the mould straight away. IS-4926, the definition of ready mixed concrete is: “Concrete delivered at site or in to the purchaser’s vehicle in a plastic condition and requiring no further treatment
Types of Paints based on Different Characteristics
Paints can be classified into different types on the basis of: Their Function Binder or Medium Pigment Used Sheen Appearance Based on Binder/Medium Acrylic Latex Paint Latex Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Shellac Based Paint Spirit Based Paint Epoxy Paint Polyurethane Alkyd Resin Tung Oil Paint Linseed Oil Paint Distemper Emulsion Chlorinated RubberTypes of Precipitation Based on Lifting Mechanism
Although moisture is always present in the atmosphere but it is condensed only when air is cooled and saturated with some water vapors. Usually mechanism by which air is cooled to cause precipitation is the lifting of air mass. Precipitation is often classified according to the factor responsible for lifting of air to higher altitudes. Following are the various types of
Shapes, Types & Properties of Open Channels
Open channel can be said to be as the deep hollow surface having usually the top surface open to atmosphere. Open channel flow can be said to be as the flow of fluid (water) over the deep hollow surface (channel) with the cover of atmosphere on the top. Examples of open channels flow are river, streams, flumes, sewers, ditches and lakes etc. we can be said to be as
Modes of Shear Failure of Soil | General, Local, Punching Shear Failure
There are three modes of shear failure, i.e. General, Local and Punching shear failures depending upon the compressibility of soil and depth of footing with respect to its breadth (i.e D/B Ratio). When the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is reached, it may fail in one of the following three failure mode depending upon the type of soil and depth to width ratio of the
